Difference between revisions of "Venturi valves"

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[[Category:Ongoing projects]]
 
[[Category:Ongoing projects]]
−
== Jefe de proyecto ==
 
−
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
 
−
! Maker
 
−
! Image
 
−
! Profile
 
  
−
|-
 
−
| [[Figueredo David]] || [[File:figueredor.jpg|thumb]] ||
 
−
*[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:459941 English]
 
−
*[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:459941 Francais]
 
−
*[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:459941 Español]
 
−
|}
 
  
 
== Presentation ==
 
== Presentation ==
Line 19: Line 8:
 
Attending to the global warming, in this project we want to combine our efforts to fight against the COVID-19 virus by creating a Venturi Valves system, used in the hospitals, which ones are starting to become scarce due to the number of patients. Due to this,we propuse to design and manufacture of said valves, using the 3D printing technology with the help of the UtopiaMaker community around the world.
 
Attending to the global warming, in this project we want to combine our efforts to fight against the COVID-19 virus by creating a Venturi Valves system, used in the hospitals, which ones are starting to become scarce due to the number of patients. Due to this,we propuse to design and manufacture of said valves, using the 3D printing technology with the help of the UtopiaMaker community around the world.
  
−
== Diseño y Planos ==
+
=== Explanation ===
−
Link de los diseños: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4230375/files
+
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAEWFgHqWx8&feature=emb_rel_end
  
−
== Contexto==
+
== Designs and blueprints ==
−
El principal problema del COVID-19 es la afectación a los pulmones, a grandes rasgos esto genera que los alvéolos se llenen de mucosa, lo que dificulta la capacidad de respirar.
+
Design repository link: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4230375/files
 +
 
 +
Beta version , rounded, printable without any support (nose up)
 +
- [[File:Blanca_28_v3.stl]]
 +
- [[File:Naranja_31_v3.stl]]
 +
- [[File:Roja_40_v3.stl]]
 +
- [[File:verde_60_v3.stl]]
 +
 
 +
== Context==
 +
The main problem with th COVID-19 is the damage in the lungs, in short words this causes the alveoli get fill with mucous, hindering the breathing process (as a flu)
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp0.png|thumb
+
Resp0.png|Lung
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
Para ayudar a respirar, se emplean válvulas venturi y su función es aumentar la presión del aire y proporcionar más oxígeno al paciente, generando presión positiva.
+
To help in the Breathing process, Venturi valves are used, and their function is increase air pressure and provide more oxygen to the patient, generating positive pressure.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp2.png|thumb
+
Resp2.png|Venturi Valves in a breathing mask
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
−
Para su funcionamiento, estas válvulas se basan en el principio venturi y en la ley de fluidos de Bernoulli.
+
For their operation, these valves are based on the venturi effect and Bernoulli's fluid law.
 +
 
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp3.png|thumb|Venturi Effect
 +
Resp4.png|thumb|Bernoulli's equation
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
== Analysis ==
 +
 
 +
In the next picture the breathing valve is show:
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp5.png|Diagram of the valve
 +
</gallery>
 +
*In the joint P2 there is a negative pression, it makes than the enveriromental air gets into the valve and mix with the oxygen, decreasing oxygen concentration.
 +
*If the A2 air inlet area gets bigger, more ambient air will enter to the system, decreasing oxygen concentration.
 +
 
 +
=== Considerations ===
 +
There are two different types of valves: adjustable O2 concentration and fixed concentration.
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp6.png|thumb|Adjustable O2 concentration
 +
Resp7.png|thumb|Fixed concentration
 +
</gallery>
 +
For design purposes, it is easier to have fixed concentration valves, which can be changed depending on the needs of each patient.The manufacturers of these valves present a table where they specify the oxygen concentration and the flow rate required that the oxygen must flow, depending on each type of valve, as shown below:
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp8.png|thumb|Table 1. Oxygen antibodies
 +
</gallery>
 +
The oxygen concentration depends mainly on the area A1, where the oxygen enters, and the area A2, where the ambient air enters.
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp5.png|Diagram of the valve
 +
</gallery>
 +
The next pictures will give us an idea of some important parameters to have in count:
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp9.png|Components
 +
Resp10.png|Hose and Valve
 +
</gallery>
 +
A 6mm diameter hose will be used for oxygen inlet and the output is for the breathing mask, that has a 22mm diameter hose. Taking in count this information, the next design suppositions can be made:
 +
A 6mm diameter hose will be used for oxygen inlet and the output will be for the breathing mask, that has a 22mm diameter. Taking in count this information, the next design suppositions can be made:
 +
 
 +
* As the hose is 6mm and assuming a wall thickness of 2mm, this would provide a diameter range for A1 between 4mm and 1mm; this taking into account that it is not possible to print a diameter smaller than 1mm with a conventional printer.
 +
* With a larger diameter 1 (D1), there will be more oxygen flow to the valve, this as long as the air flow is higher.
 +
* It is known that with a smaller A2 area, less ambient air will enter and the oxygen concentration will be higher, thanks to getting all the oxygen directly from the machine.
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp5.png|Diagram of the valve
 +
Valves-diam-trous.jpg|diameter valves
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
With those assumptions, 4 types of valves were designed:
 +
 
 +
*White: oxygen concentrations expected between 24% and 28%
 +
*Orange: oxygen concentrations expected between 29% and 31%
 +
*Red: oxygen concentrations expected between 32 and 40%
 +
*Green: oxygen concentrations expected between 41% and 60%
 +
 
 +
Being the expected values those shown in the table:
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp8.png|thumb|Table 2. Oxygen concentrations
 +
</gallery>
  
 +
== 3D Designs ==
 +
In the next picture are the designs made:
 +
[[File:Valves2.png|thumb]]
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp3.png|thumb|Principio venturi
+
Verde 60.png|thumb|GREEN_60
−
Resp4.png|thumb|Ecuación de Bernoulli
+
Roja 40.png|thumb|RED_40
 +
Naranja 31.png|thumb|ORANGE_31
 +
Blanca 28.png|thumb|WHITE_28
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
−
== Análisis ==  
+
== First results ==  
−
A continuación se muestra la válvula de respiración:
+
 
 +
The white valve hole printed well, but the valve was damaged by removing the supports.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp5.png|thumb
+
Resp12.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp13.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp14.jpg|thumb
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
* En el punto p2 se genera una presión negativa, lo que hace que el aire ambiente entre a la válvula y se mezcle con el oxígeno, disminuyendo la concentración de oxígeno.
 
−
* Entre más grande sea el área de entrada de aire A2, entrará más aire ambiente al sistema, lo que disminuye la concentración de oxígeno.
 
  
−
=== Consideraciones ===
+
Due to this, lower density supports were generated. This improved the result, but the design needs to be improved; it is necessary to increase some thicknesses and smooth some surfaces to avoid effort concentrators.
−
Existen 2 tipos de válvulas, de concentración de O2 ajustable y de concentración fija.
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp6.png|thumb|Concentración ajustable
+
Resp15.jpg|thumb
−
Resp7.png|thumb|Concentración fija
+
Resp16.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp17.jpg|thumb
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
Para efectos de diseño, es más sencillo tener válvulas de concentración fija, que se puedan cambiar dependiendo las necesidades de cada paciente.Los fabricantes de estas válvulas presentan una tabla donde especifican la concentración de oxígeno y el caudal con el que debe fluir el oxígeno, dependiendo de cada tipo de válvula, como se muestra a continuación:
+
 
 +
 
 +
----
 +
printing must be done
 +
- with the nose at first layers, like a bottle upside down,  
 +
- with all the supports,
 +
- filling 100%,  
 +
- and at low speed (30%) for the first part, for the second tubular part you can accelerate (50%).
 +
- one valve is almost 4h on dagoma disco easy 2000
 +
It is better on the red valve because the hole is larger.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp8.png|thumb|Tabla de concentraciones de oxígeno
+
Valv support.jpg|printed with support
 +
Valv red60.jpg|red 60 valve
 +
Valv top ok.jpg|top hole is ok
 +
Valv inside.jpg|inside ok
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
Dicha concentración de oxígeno depende mayormente del área A1 por donde entra el oxígeno y de área A2 por donde entra el aire ambiente.
+
 
 +
== New designs - Version 2==
 +
Below are the new designs, which must be validated again:
 +
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp5.png|thumb
+
Blanca 28 v2.png|thumb
 +
Naranja 31 v2.png|thumb
 +
Roja 40 v2.png|thumb
 +
Verde 60 v2.png|thumb
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
−
Las siguientes imágenes nos dan una idea de algunos parámetros importantes para diseñar:
+
== Results version 2 ==
 +
 
 +
The results obtained were satisfactory:
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp9.png|thumb
+
Resp21.jpg|thumb
−
Resp10.png|thumb
+
Resp22.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp23.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp24.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp25.jpg|thumb
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
La entrada de oxígeno es para una manguera de 6mm de diámetro y la salida es para la máscara de oxígeno que tiene 22mm de diámetro. Teniendo en cuenta esta información, se pueden hacer las siguientes suposiciones de diseño:
 
  
−
* Al ser la manguera de 6mm y asumiendo un espesor de pared de 2mm, esto proporciona un rango de diámetros para A1 entre 4mm y 1mm; esto teniendo en cuenta que no sea posible imprimir un diámetro menor a 1mm con una impresora convencional.
+
The next step is to be able to test our design on hospital respiratory equipment
−
* Entre mayor sea el diámetro 1 (D1), habrá más flujo de oxígeno a la válvula, esto siempre y cuando el caudal de aire sea mayor.
+
 
−
* Se sabe que entre menor sea el área A2, entrará menos aire ambiente y la concentración de oxígeno será mayor, al recibir todo el oxigeno directamente desde la máquina.
+
== printing parameters ==
 +
The following parameters were used for the prints:
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Resp5.png|thumb
+
Resp18.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp20.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp19.jpg|thumb
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
−
Con esas suposiciones, se diseñaron 4 tipos de válvulas:
+
== printing parameters ==
 +
The following parameters were used for the prints:
 +
<gallery>
 +
Resp18.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp20.jpg|thumb
 +
Resp19.jpg|thumb
 +
</gallery>
  
−
*Blanca: se esperan concentraciones de oxígeno entre 24% y 28%
+
== Other designs ==
−
*Naranja: se esperan concentraciones de oxígeno entre 29% y 31%
+
Around the world, many people is researching about 3d printed venturi valves; we share the
−
*Roja: se esperan concentraciones de oxígeno entre 32 y 40%
+
Philip Kober designs, who propose another alternative:
−
*Verde: se esperan concentraciones de oxígeno entre 41% y 60%
+
 +
link: https://grabcad.com/library/respirator-free-reanimation-venturi-s-valve-1?fbclid=IwAR2qfttPcXlTqgza3o4Cdij4XexIe-8uSi1kooQ5tHjg7Q3jMyWU4AEnOiA
  
−
Siendo los valores deseados los que se muestran en la tabla:
 
−
[[File:Resp8.png|thumb|Tabla de concentraciones de oxígeno]]
 
  
−
== Diseño 3D ==
 
−
A continuación se muestran los diseños realizados:
 
−
[[File:Valves2.png|thumb]]
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
Verde 60.png|thumb|Verde_60
+
Venturi.png|thumb
−
Roja 40.png|thumb|Roja_40
+
Venturi2.png|thumb
−
Naranja 31.png|thumb|Naranja_31
 
−
Blanca 28.png|thumb|Blanca_28
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
−
== Invitación ==
 
−
Este proyecto está aún en desarrollo, pero invitamos a todos los que puedan ayudar, a unir fuerzas para combatir este virus que está afectando al mundo, pensemos colectivamente porque solo juntos lograremos vencer y con pequeñas acciones, lograremos grandes resultados.
 
  
 +
we can find other devices for ventilators:
 +
* Respirator divider: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4244632
 +
<gallery>
 +
Divisor.png|thumb
 +
Divisor2.png|thumb
 +
</gallery>
 +
 +
== Invitation ==
 
[[File:Resp11.png|thumb]]
 
[[File:Resp11.png|thumb]]
 +
This project is still in development, but we want to invite all those who can help to join forces to combat this virus that is affecting the world, lets think collectively because only together we will succeed and with small actions, we will achieve great
 +
results.
 +
 +
== Tasks==
 +
 +
=== march 2020 ===
 +
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
 +
! Date
 +
! Nom
 +
! Description
 +
! Temps
 +
! TS
 +
|-
 +
| 19/03 || [https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:588036 GuiK] || valve printing|| 4 h|| 12 TS
 +
|-
 +
| 19/03 ||[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:997037 js] || project translation|| 1 h 20 min|| 4 TS
 +
|}
 +
 +
== Project manager ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
 +
! Maker
 +
! Image
 +
! Profile
 +
 +
|-
 +
| [[Figueredo David]] || [[File:figueredor.jpg|thumb]] ||
 +
*[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:459941 English]
 +
*[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:459941 Francais]
 +
*[https://es.utopiamaker.com/m3duto/user:459941 Español]
 +
|}

Latest revision as of 20:36, 29 March 2020


Presentation

Resp1a.png

Attending to the global warming, in this project we want to combine our efforts to fight against the COVID-19 virus by creating a Venturi Valves system, used in the hospitals, which ones are starting to become scarce due to the number of patients. Due to this,we propuse to design and manufacture of said valves, using the 3D printing technology with the help of the UtopiaMaker community around the world.

Explanation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAEWFgHqWx8&feature=emb_rel_end

Designs and blueprints

Design repository link: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4230375/files

Beta version , rounded, printable without any support (nose up) 

- File:Blanca 28 v3.stl
- File:Naranja 31 v3.stl
- File:Roja 40 v3.stl
- File:Verde 60 v3.stl

Context

The main problem with th COVID-19 is the damage in the lungs, in short words this causes the alveoli get fill with mucous, hindering the breathing process (as a flu)

  • Lung

To help in the Breathing process, Venturi valves are used, and their function is increase air pressure and provide more oxygen to the patient, generating positive pressure.

  • Venturi Valves in a breathing mask

For their operation, these valves are based on the venturi effect and Bernoulli's fluid law.

  • Venturi Effect

  • Bernoulli's equation

Analysis

In the next picture the breathing valve is show:

  • Diagram of the valve

  • In the joint P2 there is a negative pression, it makes than the enveriromental air gets into the valve and mix with the oxygen, decreasing oxygen concentration.
  • If the A2 air inlet area gets bigger, more ambient air will enter to the system, decreasing oxygen concentration.

Considerations

There are two different types of valves: adjustable O2 concentration and fixed concentration.

  • Adjustable O2 concentration

  • Fixed concentration

For design purposes, it is easier to have fixed concentration valves, which can be changed depending on the needs of each patient.The manufacturers of these valves present a table where they specify the oxygen concentration and the flow rate required that the oxygen must flow, depending on each type of valve, as shown below:

  • Table 1. Oxygen antibodies

The oxygen concentration depends mainly on the area A1, where the oxygen enters, and the area A2, where the ambient air enters.

  • Diagram of the valve

The next pictures will give us an idea of some important parameters to have in count:

  • Components

  • Hose and Valve

A 6mm diameter hose will be used for oxygen inlet and the output is for the breathing mask, that has a 22mm diameter hose. Taking in count this information, the next design suppositions can be made: A 6mm diameter hose will be used for oxygen inlet and the output will be for the breathing mask, that has a 22mm diameter. Taking in count this information, the next design suppositions can be made:

  • As the hose is 6mm and assuming a wall thickness of 2mm, this would provide a diameter range for A1 between 4mm and 1mm; this taking into account that it is not possible to print a diameter smaller than 1mm with a conventional printer.
  • With a larger diameter 1 (D1), there will be more oxygen flow to the valve, this as long as the air flow is higher.
  • It is known that with a smaller A2 area, less ambient air will enter and the oxygen concentration will be higher, thanks to getting all the oxygen directly from the machine.

  • Diagram of the valve

  • diameter valves

With those assumptions, 4 types of valves were designed:

  • White: oxygen concentrations expected between 24% and 28%
  • Orange: oxygen concentrations expected between 29% and 31%
  • Red: oxygen concentrations expected between 32 and 40%
  • Green: oxygen concentrations expected between 41% and 60%

Being the expected values those shown in the table:

  • Table 2. Oxygen concentrations

3D Designs

In the next picture are the designs made:

Valves2.png

  • GREEN_60

  • RED_40

  • ORANGE_31

  • WHITE_28

First results

The white valve hole printed well, but the valve was damaged by removing the supports.

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

Due to this, lower density supports were generated. This improved the result, but the design needs to be improved; it is necessary to increase some thicknesses and smooth some surfaces to avoid effort concentrators.

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb


printing must be done 

- with the nose at first layers, like a bottle upside down, 
- with all the supports, 
- filling 100%, 
- and at low speed (30%) for the first part, for the second tubular part you can accelerate (50%). 
- one valve is almost 4h on dagoma disco easy 2000

It is better on the red valve because the hole is larger.

  • printed with support

  • red 60 valve

  • top hole is ok

  • inside ok

New designs - Version 2

Below are the new designs, which must be validated again:

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

Results version 2

The results obtained were satisfactory:

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

The next step is to be able to test our design on hospital respiratory equipment

printing parameters

The following parameters were used for the prints:

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

printing parameters

The following parameters were used for the prints:

  • thumb

  • thumb

  • thumb

Other designs

Around the world, many people is researching about 3d printed venturi valves; we share the Philip Kober designs, who propose another alternative:

link: https://grabcad.com/library/respirator-free-reanimation-venturi-s-valve-1?fbclid=IwAR2qfttPcXlTqgza3o4Cdij4XexIe-8uSi1kooQ5tHjg7Q3jMyWU4AEnOiA


  • thumb

  • thumb


we can find other devices for ventilators:

  • thumb

  • thumb

Invitation

Resp11.png

This project is still in development, but we want to invite all those who can help to join forces to combat this virus that is affecting the world, lets think collectively because only together we will succeed and with small actions, we will achieve great results.

Tasks

march 2020

Date Nom Description Temps TS
19/03 GuiK valve printing 4 h 12 TS
19/03 js project translation 1 h 20 min 4 TS

Project manager

Maker Image Profile
Figueredo David
Figueredor.jpg
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